Introduction to noncovariant gauges

Noncovariant Gauges in Simple Supergravity

A gauge-averaging functional of the axial type is studied for simple supergravity at one loop about flat Euclidean four-space bounded by a three-sphere, or two concentric three-spheres. This is a generalization of recent work on the axial gauge in quantum supergravity on manifolds with boundary. Ghost modes obey nonlocal boundary conditions of the spectral type, in that half of them obey Dirich...

How to fix the gauges?

We present a special constraint structure that possesses both reducable and chain structure. Using our constraint structure, we show that the number of required gauge fixing conditions is just equal to the number of chains and the remaining requirements follow from consistency conditions. Electrodynamics and Yang-Mills theories are discussed as examples. e-mail address: [email protected] e-m...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...

Introduction to Ethics

  The issues involved in this article are mainly concentrated on the origins of ethics or Moral ethics as an indepent science It has been said that this area of science was founded by Greek Philosophers after a great crisis and debates between such thinkers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on one side and  study of other cuitures and moral traditions, especially the Chinese and Hindu tradition...